created and governed so that they include smallholders in a sustainable manner. Brazil has historical experience with … to smallholders. Part 2 describes four different small-scale ethanol systems. These cases are analysed and considered as …, cane-producing smallholders may profit from this in particular. There are several specificities to the Brazilian model …

market and non-market relationships really work for participants. In the context of the biodiesel value chain in Brazil, this … instruments in the biodiesel programme, the paper provides a brief institutional analysis of the interaction between actors and …