Since 2003, the prosecution of hardcore cartels has been a top priority in Brazil. The Leniency Program in Brazil has been one of the most important investigative tools for detecting collusive conduct among competitors. The Leniency Program has exhibited some breakthroughs achieved in terms of...

Brazilian capital markets have experienced a significant increase in the engagement of institutional investors (including investment funds), despite the fact intertwined companies or those with family control are still dominant in the country. In this sense, one must question whether...

The prominence of the application of antitrust fines may have come to a crossroad. Fines seem not to have achieved their ultimate goals, either to punish current and previous practices or to deter future antitrust violations. Are there unexplored boundaries for a more effective antitrust...

On May 17, 2023, the European Parliament published the regulation5 which aims to curb deforestation and forest degradation related to the production and supply chains of certain commodities and associated products such as cattle, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, soya, wood and rubber, as well as derived...

Competition authorities may consider such public announcements illegal. Leaders and officers of companies, unions and trade associations’ should make specific critical analyses to assess the times and contents of the statements they issue to avoid anticompetitive practices. This paper proposes...

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in the game industry will increase by around 25% in 2023. Consolidation transactions between competing or vertically related companies, mainly when affecting consumers with inferior bargaining power, may raise concerns by the antitrust authorities. These...

Subsidies take many forms, including direct government expenditures, tax incentives, equity injections, soft loans, government provision of goods and services and procurement on favorable terms, and price supports. This is the dual facet of subsidies: while they are important tools for achieving...

The recent settlement of an antitrust claim by the UK Competition Appeal Tribunal to investigate alleged anticompetitive practices in the games market raises questions about how the same conduct would be received by the Brazilian antitrust authority. To answer this question, this article resumes...

Interim measures in antitrust enforcement are essential tools to deter the effects of anticompetitive practices while the outcome of antitrust investigations is pending. Nevertheless, interim measures may raise concerns if used wrongly as they may cause serious harm to the parties involved and...