"By the early 1960s, outstanding U.S. dollar liabilities began to exceed the U.S. gold stock, suggesting that the United States could not completely maintain its pledge to convert dollars into gold at the official price. This raised uncertainty about the Bretton Woods parity grid, and...

Credibility and the international monetary regime : theoretical and historical perspectives / Michael D. Bordo and Ronald MacDonald -- Credibility and fundamentals : were the classical and inter-war gold standards well-behaved target zones? / Paul Hallwood, Ronald MacDonald, and Ian Marsh --...