The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to survey the statistical models of stock returns that have been suggested in the finance literature since the middle of the twentieth century; second, to examine under the prism of the contemporary philosophy of science, which of the aforementioned...

Abstract Behavioural finance has challenged many claims of efficient market hypothesis (EMH). Unfortunately many of these challenges are in the form of anecdotal evidence and lack quantification. This article uses market data together with some simple statistics to show that in practice certain...

Hurst (1951) developed Rescaled range analysis to determine long-memory effects and fractal Brownian motion in time series. Rescaled range (R/S) analysis measures how the distance covered by a particle increases as we look at longer and longer time scales. For Brownian motion the distance...