Distribution System (PDS) and the Mid Day Meal Scheme (MDM) - on poverty outcomes and on nutritional intake. This paper offers a … the significant impact of the PDS and MDM in terms of poverty reduction and calorie intake. While there are large … also contributed significantly to poverty reduction. Almost half of the poverty reduction in the distribution …

There is a wide agreement among poverty research community that conventional estimates of poverty (i.e., money … overestimate total household expenditure, which results in an underestimation of poverty measured in terms of household expenditure … poverty and child poverty estimates in five middle-income countries (India, Mexico, South Africa, Russian Federation and Peru …

of the country's population. We demonstrate that there is an important ethnic gap in the poverty levels of the Xhosa and …