This paper empirically examines the degree of persistence in four precious metal prices (i.e., gold, palladium, platinum, and silver) during the last four U.S. recessions. Unit root tests and fractional integration techniques suggest that gold still is the most prominent safe haven asset within...

This study explores the dynamics of monthly metal prices during the past 100 years. On the basis of a unique data set, co-movement, price cycles and long-run trends are analyzed by means of common statistical methods and the results are compared to the findings in the literature. Due to its...

The grouping of Wolf numbers, Brent crude oil prices and metal price indexes over the years of the average solar cycle Schwabe allowed the author to establish their strong ties.As a result, it became possible to predict oil prices on the basis of the predicted values of Wolf numbers according to...