We document how firm-specific volatility in sales, earnings and employment growth evolved year by year in Japan. Our volatility measure also indicates the evolution of firm turnover. We find that patterns in firm-specific volatility have changed when macroeconomic circumstances have. Firm...

We document how firm-specific volatility in sales, earnings and employment growth evolved year by year in Japan. Our volatility measure also indicates the evolution of firm turnover. We find that patterns in firm-specific volatility have changed when macroeconomic circumstances have. Firm...

This paper documents the macroeconomic effects of changes in downpayment requirements on mortgage loans in a model where investment is undertaken by collateral- constrained agents. I find that a permanent tightening in lending standards substantially lowers aggregate spending in the short run...