We use European Union Labour Force Survey data for the period 2005-2018 to investigate the cyclicality of training in … Europe. Consistent with the view that firms use recessions as times to update skills, we find that training participation is … to be involved in public training programs during recessions, but not for the inactive, who may be affected by liquidity …

employer-paid training can help explain the relative return to cognitive skills during recent recessions due to lower training … costs and enhanced labor productivity. Consistent with this, we find that firms provide more training to workers with higher …