The unethical behaviors for some of the Arab leaders were the main reason behind the Arab spring. The lack of social justice, theft of public money, and the lack of transparency was the main reason behind all kinds of suffering experienced by many peoples, who are languishing under the authority...

Turkey has redefined its geographical security environment over the last decade by deepening its engagement with neighboring regions, especially with the Middle East. The Arab spring, however, challenged not only the authoritarian regimes in the region but also Turkish foreign policy strategy,...