In the late 19th century, a relatively dense network was created among the large public corporations. This corporate network is examined here for the period between 1896 and 1938 in Germany and the United States. Corporate networks served several purposes: they developed into a medium of...

Social capital is an unspecific resource that can improve the market opportunities of individuals and the chances of survival for organizations. In this historical study it will be shown that social capital was divided up among companies and managers during the early twentieth century very...