their inward looking or exploitationʺ attitude in R&D and innovation. We argue that because of sunk costs and learning …. Among other things, this suggests that explorationʺ, which leads to the opening of new innovation trajectories, requires not …

between businesses that fuel innovation and growth. Whereas Chandler's and Williamson's theories involve the visible hand of … structural elements, scale and hierarchy both suppress innovation. Thus, neither Williamson's nor Chandler's theories hold in our …

The objective of this paper is to audit innovation management in one of the largest Saudi petrochemical companies … weaknesses from an innovation perspective. First, an audit survey was carried out in the Saudi company. The results revealed that … there is top management commitment and support for innovation, learning is well managed, the company is committed to the …

The need for continuous sustainable innovation reflects a way in which firms overcome inertia and respond to changes in … the external environment. In manufacturing firms, the primary source of innovation comes from product-related innovation … (product innovation) and technology-related innovation (process innovation). Although economic forces have encouraged the …