We decompose total variance into its bad and good components and measure the premia associated with their fluctuations using stock and option data from a large cross-section of firms. The total variance risk premium (VRP) represents the premium paid to insure against fluctuations in bad variance...

This paper offers empirical evidence for the validity of Constantinides and Ghosh’s 2017 heterogeneous-agents consumption-based asset pricing model in predicting expected returns in international equity markets. The model introduces a unique, unobservable state variable influencing agents’...

In an intertemporal equilibrium asset pricing model featuring disappointment aversion and changing macroeconomic uncertainty, we show that besides the market return and market volatility, three disappointment-related factors are also priced: a downstate factor, a market downside factor, and a...

We document that the term structures of risk-neutral expected loss and gain uncertainty on S&P 500 returns are upward sloping on average. These shapes mainly reflect the higher premium required by investors to hedge downside risk and the belief that potential gains will increase in the long run....