Many proxies of illiquidity have been used in the literature that relates illiquidity to asset prices. These proxies have been motivated from an empirical standpoint. In this study, we approach liquidity estimation from a theoretical perspective. Our method explicitly recognizes the analytic...

We decompose the structural estimate of the probability of informed trading, PIN, into components that capture informed trading on good and on bad news. We estimate these two components at quarterly intervals, and provide new evidence that they capture informed trading around earnings...

We propose a unified set of distance-based performance metrics that address the power and extreme-error problems inherent in traditional measures for asset-pricing tests. From a Bayesian perspective, the distance metrics coherently incorporate both pricing errors and their standard errors....