children by gender are referred to as child penalties, and are now documented in many countries. In this paper, we exploit the …Having children has a sizeable impact on women's labour outcomes, but not on men's. The differential effects of … 14.2%. We also document larger negative impacts of parenthood for women who had multiple children or those with a lower …

Using microdata from the Luxembourg Income Study, we assess 'time crunch' for families with children in Canada, Germany … well-being of parents and children. We present cross-country comparisons of 'total available adult hours' under different …