Prosecution of the retail gasoline price-fixing cartel in Québec was the largest and most successful criminal … that the cartel not only existed but also had the effect of “unduly lessening competition.” As an expert witness and author … credibly conclude that the cartel did successfully increase prices in markets under investigation. Price data, namely the …

We study the impact of an investigation into collusion and corruption to learn about the organization of cartels in … investigation in Montreal and in Quebec City, where there have been no allegations of collusion or corruption. We find that entry … the importance of two aspects of cartel organization, coordination and entry deterrence, for collusive pricing. We find …

collusion increased faster than national output in the decade before the passage of the Act and that their prices accordingly …