The empirical evidence on the incidence of payroll taxation is primarily based on the wage bill of firms. This paper applies matched employer-employee register data on individual wages for all private sector workers in Norway. Exploiting a payroll tax reform and using the...

We evaluate two variants of a school-based, intensive learning camp for pupils who are assessed 'not ready' for further education after compulsory school, using a stratified cluster randomized trial involving 15,559 pupils in 264 schools in Denmark. Next to training pupils in Danish and...

In spring 2020, governments around the globe shut down schools to mitigate the spread of the novel coronavirus. We argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We collect detailed time-use information on students before...

Previous literature on the distributional impact of the minimum wage in Germany has either focused on earnings and hourly wages (Caliendo et al., 2017), or is based on exante simulations (Müller and Steiner, 2013). This paper provides systematic descriptive ex-post evidence on the...

This paper focuses on the empirically observed relationship between demographic change and inflation and explores the theoretical nature of the puzzling link between the two. It puts the existent disparate empirical findings in the literature into perspective by formalizing an...

Empirical evaluations of national minimum wages, such as in Germany or the UK, rely on bite measures that capture treatment variation; measured from the incidence (or intensity) of employees paid below the threshold before the minimum wage was introduced or raised. Bite-dependent estimations...

The study region named San-En-Nanshin region (includes Aichi, part of Nagano and Shizuoka prefecture) is considered as a model of integrated dispersed regions and taken into the National Comprehensive Development Plan of Japanese government under Regional Revitalization Project. A large scale...