Several approaches to model stock returns with Lévy Processes have been developed in the past years. Firstly, this article will review existing approaches and compare the latest ones through an analysis of the Lévy density. Secondly, this article will provide a simple but general...

In this paper, we study the fair fee of a flexible premium variable annuity (FPVA), in which the policyholder can choose to pay periodic premiums during the accumulation phase instead of a single initial premium. We are able to express fair fees using a fast and accurate approximation based on...