We introduce a new methodology to categorize institutional herding tendency and direction, that enhances the precision with which herders are identified at the institutional level. The herders are the ones that follow the crowd both on the buy and sell trades, whereas anti-herders are the...

We examine whether there is a relationship between foreign equity trading and average total volatility, measured as the value-weighted average of stock-return variances in the Istanbul Stock Exchange. We employ foreign equity purchase and sale data to track changes in foreign equity trading,...

In this study, we address whether the degree of financial liberalization affects the aggregated total volatility of stock returns by considering the time-varying nature of financial liberalization. We also explore channels through which the degree of financial liberalization impacts aggregated...