We provide evidence that security design reflects the interplay of capital supplier and security issuer preferences. While call provisions have historically been the default option in convertible security design, only a minority of post-2005 issues are callable. Because hedge funds dominate the...

Stock and options markets can disagree about a stock's value because of informed trading in options and/or price pressure in the stock. The predictability of stock returns based on this cross- market discrepancy in values is especially strong when accompanied by stock price pressure, and it does...

AbstractFama and French (2006) use the dividend discount model to develop the joint role of three variables – expected profitability, expected investment and current BM – in predicting future stock returns. One reported empirical result is anomalous. The valuation model establishes that the...