This paper examines the relationship between the stock crash risk of REITs and different types of institutional investors. First, when we classify REIT institutional investors by their legal type, we find that the ownership of pension funds (bank trusts) is negatively (positively) related to...

The firm’s inventory-sales ratio prices exposure to the housing cycle with a predictable sign. The buyer of a new home holds a pre-construction contract at a guaranteed price with the right to cancel at any date up to delivery. The demand for contracts rises with falling user costs while lot...

We investigate the relation between commercial real estate (CRE) returns and regional innovativeness and find that regions with more innovation exhibit higher total returns on commercial property. And, when we investigate the extent to which income return and capital return on commercial...

The extent to which a real estate investment trust’s (REIT’s) physical growth is related to market valuation and performance is examined. Using a sample of U.S. equity REITs over the 1995-2020 period, we measure a REIT’s growth as the growth of its total area in square feet (or its number...