Dual holders own debt and equity in the same firm. By maximizing the total value of the dual holders' assets, we derive optimal default policies and show that dual holdership reduces default risk. We analyze the two most common priority structures: 1) Dual holders' private debt rank junior to...

High bank leverage is commonly considered a major threat to financial stability. We build a structural credit model to calculate the optimal leverage for a bank that provides asset backed loans, such as corporate loans and mortgages. The bank's assets are loans, which means that the bank's...