We exploit the natural institutional variation in Western Europe to examine leverage (and debt maturity) for listed and non-listed companies (NLCs). We find that the legal efficiency measure (Djankov, et al, 2008) is more closely related to the amount of leverage and debt maturity than is the...

We exploit the natural institutional variation in Western Europe to examine leverage (and debt maturity) for listed and non-listed companies (NLCs). We find that the legal efficiency measure (Djankov, et al, 2008) is more closely related to the amount of leverage and debt maturity than is the...

Abstract: We examine how asset structure is related to leverage in different institutional environments, using tens of thousands of firm-level observations from small, privately held, emerging market firms that are likely to face financing constraints. Our empirical analysis indicates that the...

This paper investigates the determinants of capital structure for a sample of 13,070 small medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and 67,449 firm-year observations from Eastern European countries over the period 1994-2004. The use of a sample of SMEs in our analysis rather than large listed firms...

The aim of this paper is to analyse for a multi-country large emerging market sample the choice between debt and equity simultaneously with the decision between short-and long-term debt. In order to investigate the joint decision among leverage and maturity we examine an unique sample of 986...