We formulate a continuous-time model of a deposit taking bank, operating subject to capital adequacy regulation, and where the bank's loans are exposed to default risk. The bank maximises their market value of equity by appropriately controlling loan and equity issuance, dividend payments, and...

The British Industrial Revolution triggered a reversal in the social order of society whereby the landed elite was replaced by industrial capitalists rising from the middle classes as the economically dominant group. Many observers have linked this transformation to the contrast in values...

Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is founded on the theory of expected rationality but the theory of behavioural finance concludes that stock market investors are quasi-rational. Therefore, under the capitalistic system, the efficient markets have already failed to protect the rights of...

The two Cambridge controversy have marked a milestone in economic thinking. By their demonstration neo-Ricardian and post-Keynesian seemed to have proven the impossibility of defining the notion of Capital and, moreover, of being able to aggregate heterogeneous Capital. It is not so.By reasoning...

Five generic reforms, price liberalization, property privatization, macroeconomic stabilization, microeconomic restructuring and trade liberalization, are integrated into both exogenous and endogenous growth models. This integration allows one to assess the implications of each reform for a...

Income inequality in China is severe; measured by the Gini-coefficient it amounted to 0.46 in 2011; wealth distribution is even worse with 0.61. These disparities led to a major shift in emphasis of politics in general and of the Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development by the...