Analyses of international inequality in environmental factors, such as the well-known CO2 per capita or the Kaya factors (that is, carbon intensity, energy intensity and affluence), have overlooked the effect that weighting vectors of distance functions and their time variations can have on the...

In this paper, we analyse the evolution of international mobility in per capita CO2 emissions for the period 1971–2007. This concept reveals the distribution's degree of entrenchment which is fundamentally different from other distribution concepts. In particular, we use several different...

Typically, conflicts in world environmental negotiations are related, amongst other aspects, to the level of polarization of the countries in groups with conflicting interests. Given the predictable relationship between polarization and conflict, it would seem logical to evaluate the degree to...