We review the cartel penalty and leniency practices of the Competition Commission of India (CCI), in light of the law and economics literature on optimal penalties, as well as current practices in different jurisdictions. Our analysis reveals that although India’s Competition Act allows for a...

Export cartels are exempted from the competition (antitrust) laws of most countries, but this exemption has been controversial. In recent debates on the interaction between trade and competition policy in the context of a possible WTO agreement, some scholars and several WTO members have...