recovery of antitrust damages to direct purchasers. However, antitrust damages are typically (in part) passed on to … collusion. It allows an upstream cartel to shield itself from private damage claims by forwarding a share of cartel profits to … private damages. The cartel can achieve this by rationing inputs at low prices. Several U.S. antitrust cases show symptoms of …

the participants of these cartels in a number of antitrust jurisdictions. There is empirical evidence suggesting that …

We examine the relation between consumer search and equilibrium prices when collusion is endogenously determined. We …

facilitates upstream collusion. These findings have important implications for antitrust policy and market regulation …Successful upstream collusion must satisfy both the incentive constraint (keeping cartel members in line) and the … compensation reduces the harm of upstream collusion to social welfare and consumer surplus, a small amount of compensation …

join its syndicate to complete production. Using repeated extensive form games, we show that collusion in syndicated … markets may become easier as market concentration falls, and that market entry may facilitate collusion. In particular, firms … can sustain collusion by refusing to syndicate with any firm that undercuts the collusive price (and thereby raising that …

mergers involving moderate-sized firms, rather than the largest or smallest firms. -- Collusion ; Cartel Size …