Bukharin, Nikolay; El Hassan, Mouhammad; Nobes, David; … - In: Energy reports 6 (2020) 2, pp. 206-213
Oil sands, found in Canada, Venezuela, USA and Russia, contain bitumen, water, clay and some metals. Two different methods of producing oil from oil sands exist: open-pit mining and in situ. Approximately 20% of oil sands are recoverable through open-pit mining. After oil sand is mined, bitumen...
