recent major crises, of the legal framework governing the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), as well as current … of the EMU.The following Section II (“The Impact of the Three Major Crises During the Period 2007-2021”) develops on how … the (2007-2009) Global Financial Crisis (GFC), the subsequent fiscal crisis in the euro area and the most recent pandemic …

Austria, Finland and Sweden became members of the EU in 1995. This paper examines how support for the euro and trust in …. Support for the euro in the two euroarea members Austria and Finland has remained high and relatively stable since the … physical introduction of the new currency nearly 20 years ago, while the euro crisis significantly reduced support for the euro …

This paper examines the evolution of public support for the euro since its introduction as a virtual currency in 1999 … popularity o f the euro. We find that a majority of citizens support the e uro in each individual member country of the e uro a … econometric work demonstrates that unemployment is a key driver of support behind the euro. Given these developments, w e discuss …

The paper establishes that sovereigns, like banks, need a lender of last resort (LoLR). In the euro area the ECB, with … guaranteed/indemnified by the 17 euro area member states. …

Sections (A and B) briefly discuss the definition and the sources of the law of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), as well … euro area on the basis of the recent (2017) related ECB Agreement (under 4).(b) In Chapter Two the focus turns to the ECB … established (mainly but not confined to) in the euro area within the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) (under 3.1), while • the …