This paper presents a Hayashi–Yoshida-type estimator for the covariation matrix of continuous Itô semimartingales observed with noise. The coordinates of the multivariate process are assumed to be observed at highly frequent non-synchronous points. The estimator of the covariation matrix is...

We show how pre-averaging can be applied to the problem of measuring the ex-post covariance of financial asset returns under microstructure noise and non-synchronous trading. A pre-averaged realised covariance is proposed, and we present an asymptotic theory for this new estimator, which can be...

We show how pre-averaging can be applied to the problem of measuring the ex-post covariance of financial asset returns under microstructure noise and non-synchronous trading. A pre-averaged realised covariance is proposed, and we present an asymptotic theory for this new estimator, which can be...

In this paper, we show how simple pre-averaging can be applied to measure the ex-post covariance of high-frequency financial time series under market microstructure noise and non-synchronous trading. A modulated realised covariance based on pre-averaged data is proposed and studied in this...