We study the effect of childcare availability on child penalties. Using Swiss administrative data, we exploit the … staggered opening od childcare facilities across municipalities in the canton of Bern. We find that the presence of childcare … facilities in the year of birth of the first child reduces the child penalty. The availability of childcare increases maternal …

simultaneously specifies three time-use choices - paid work, childcare, and housework - and wage and employment equations for each … changes in own wage. The own-wage elasticity of housework is negative while childcare does not react to changes in own wage …. Women's non-market time is independent of their husband's wage; but both housework and childcare of fathers react positively …

This paper analyzes the time allocation of Italian spouses to paid work, childcare and household work. The literature … is significantly negative for housework of women. Childcare time of fathers increases with own wage and with the presence …

involved in childcare and rearing in 2002 than in 1988. In general, as women's work time increased, substitutes for their … childcare time were found within the household (fathers or other co-resident adults). -- Time use ; parents ; children …