by only 1 percentage point, implying that increased childcare responsibilities caused a sharp decline in mothers …

lapses in implicit childcare−provide a unifying explanation for these patterns. The summer drop in female employment aligns …, and coincides with increased time spent engaging in childcare. Decomposing the gender gap in summer work interruptions … and gender differences within jobs in the propensity to exit employment over the summer. Summer childcare constraints may …

Policies that extend the school day in elementary school provide an implicit childcare subsidy for families. As such … childcare is likely to be one of the mechanisms that relaxed restrictions to marriage dissolution. …