In a model with endogenous fertility and labor supply three instruments of family policies are analyzed: child benefits …, the secondary earner's labor supply and welfare. Child benefits and subsidies for external child care are more effective … for external child care into a welfare program with child benefits makes families better off. …

fertility and reduce child poverty. It is universal for the second and every further child and means-tested for the first child …

fertility from a low level and reduce child poverty. The benefit is universal for the second and every further child and means …-tested for the first child. Increasing out-of-work income significantly, the transfer can reduce incentives to participate in the …

parental decisions (labor market, investments in children, and fertility). We merge rich sources of historical information on … find that the policies exacerbated the motherhood penalty in labor market outcomes and that they affected fertility choices …

long-term growth and fiscal sustainability, Armenia introduced financial incentives to promote fertility. This paper … doubled, the total fertility rate reduced by more than 30 percent, and the male-to-female sex ratio at birth increased to one … of the world’s highest. Like other middle-income countries concerned with the implications of an aging population for …

low income families. Our results imply that the main impact of cuts to child benefits is not to reduce fertility but to … fertility of third and subsequent births. As of April 2017, all third and subsequent born children to low-income families in the … UK did not receive means-tested child benefits, amounting to a reduction in income relative to the previous system of …

low income families. Our results imply that the main impact of cuts to child benefits is not to reduce fertility but to … fertility of third and subsequent births. As of April 2017, all third and subsequent born children to low-income families in the … UK did not receive means-tested child benefits, amounting to a reduction in income relative to the previous system of …