two or more kids. Heterogeneity analysis suggests no causal effects of fertility on female employment among mothers with … low female employment regime. Family size is instrumented using twinning and gender composition of the first two children …. Among families with at least one child we identify the average causal effect of an additional child on mother's employment …

future.’ In this article, I examine trends in the employment gap between mothers and fathers of young children over the last …In 1985, Gary Becker predicted employment and childcare sex gaps may ‘disappear or be greatly attenuated in the near …

employment status and work hours changes, respectively. In East Germany, mothers with a child aged under three years who lived in … negative association of child-teacher-ratios with maternal employment was marginally significant. For mothers with older …By investigating how locally available early childhood education and care quality relates to maternal employment …

employment and earnings of women, there is little evidence focusing on the post-communist region. This paper exploits the latest … family and female employment in Mongolia in 2016. We examine the availability of childcare, social norms and attitudes … probability of female employment relative to women with no small children. In particular, women with two children aged one to six …