This article argues that the specific features and dynamics of China's environmentalism can be attributed to two factors: the ‘greening' of the Chinese state at the time when environmentalism emerged, and the alternating politics of toleration and strict control of social organizations. As a...

Social movement theories provide a framework for explaining the post-1990 rise in China's citizen-organized environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs), which consisted of at least 128 organizations as of 2004. We use a political process model, which is based on favorable political...

This paper uses panel regression model to analyze the relationship between fiscal decentralization and local environmental management based on data from 30 Chinese provinces for the period 2002 to 2010. We hypothesize that for China, enterprises account for the majority of local government tax...