How does import protection affect export performance? In trade models with scale economies, import liberalization can reduce industry-level exports by cutting domestic production. We show that this export destruction mechanism reduced US export growth following the permanent normalization of...

ch. 1. The origins of the Open Door Policy in China -- ch. 2. Secret displomacy undermines the Open Door -- ch. 3. The growth of nationalism in post-1911 China -- ch. 4. The debacle at Paris -- ch. 5. The 1917 October Revolution's impact on the Open Door Policy -- ch. 6. The Washington...

Recent work on China's accession to the World Trade Organizations pays little attention to the wave of reforms in China in the 1980s and 1990s. These reforms created the preconditions for accession and strongly influenced its outcomes. The preeminence of processing trade at the time of accession...