In the wake of recent crisis developments in the US and Europe, non-bank credit channels have often been portrayed as 'shadow banking' and have been considered primarily through the lens of the risks they may pose to financial stability. However, the debate about financial system structures...

This research investigates the interactions of U.S. interest rate, the different types of bank loans at all U.S. commercial banks, production activities and the foreign exchange rate between U.S. and China. This paper uses monthly data from 1981 to 2012 to show that some U.S. bank-loan-related...