We propose "Entertainment and Travel Costs" (ETC) expenditures as a measure of corruption in Chinese firms. These …

Entertainment and Travel Costs (ETC) is a standard expenditure item for Chinese firms with an annual amount equal to … findings have important implications on how to effectively curb corruption …

Entertainment and Travel Costs (ETC) is a standard expenditure item for Chinese firms with an annual amount equal to … implications on how to effectively curb corruption …

, there is limited cross-country analysis on the costs of corruption for SOEs. We present new evidence on how corruption … important public service, there is widespread concern that their activities are negatively affected by corruption. However … perform as well as private firms in core sectors when corruption is low. Taking advantage of a novel database reforms, we also …