The emergence of China as a development actor across the Global South has raised significant questions regarding the extent to which China presents new development opportunities to its compatriots in the South. My aim is to reflect and to parse out the experiences and policies that have shaped...

1. Introduction -- 2. The Major Contributions -- 3. The First Phase: Thoughts on Socialist Development in a Backward Overpopulated Economy -- 4. The Second Phase: a 'Starry-Eyed Joan Robinson' -- 5. The Third Phase: Self-Criticism -- 6. Conclusion.