This paper demonstrates that urban social exclusion in China does not only include restricted participation by the iquest;underclassiquest; in urban life, but also the deprivation of certain political, social and economic rights. In addition, the paper describes how the character of urban social...

Since the late 1970s, China has experienced rapid economic growth and urbanisation. However, in recent years, various social pressures and tensions began to hold down the optimism buttressed by the economic growth. There are signs showing that the basis of sustained economic growth - rich labour...