Study, we identify adults of childbearing age whose fertility was reduced. We find LLF exposure increases the likelihood of …

Study, we identify adults of childbearing age whose fertility was reduced. We find LLF exposure increases the likelihood of …

This article uses China's family planning policies to quantify and explain spillovers in fertility decisions. We test … whether ethnic minorities decreased their fertility in response to the policies, although only the majority ethnic group, the …-specific fertility levels to construct a measure of the negative shock to Han fertility. Combining this measure with variation in the …

affects fertility in China. China has deep concerns with both population size and female employment, so the relationship … variable to isolate the effect of employment on fertility. Female employment reduces a married woman’s preferred number of …

Previous studies usually use child gender-related variables as instruments for fertility choices in households. However …, we find that without considering the effect of child gender, the traditional IV estimate of the fertility effect will be …