expected poverty (VEP) in China during 2012-2018 and investigates the impact of digital financial inclusion (DFI) on rural … households’ poverty vulnerability using a logit model. We find that the impact is not linear diminishing but U-shaped, implying … that the development of DFI does not always alleviate poverty but exists “Matthew Effect”. The number of household members …

Brazil, China, and India have seen falling poverty in their reform periods, but to varying degrees and for different … hands of the better off, prior inequalities in various dimensions handicapped poverty reduction in both Brazil and India … higher proportionate rate of poverty reduction than India, although Brazil has been less successful in terms of economic …