Several studies have highlighted that African manufacturing wages are higher than comparator countries at similar … levels of development, which contributes to the continent’s lower levels of manufacturing competitiveness. This paper derives … unit labor costs - average wages relative to productivity - for two-digit manufacturing sectors across a wide range of …

International joint venture (IJV) manufacturing is important for both the Chinese economy and a large number of foreign … of IJV manufacturing in China are known, a vital aspect – operations management – has largely been ignored. Therefore …