In this study of private equity placements (PEPs) in China, we find that Chinese firms' PEPs are issued at a substantial discount and have positive announcement period returns, which is consistent with previous studies using data mainly from the United States and Europe. However, there is a...

The goal of this paper is to discuss how we establish the “Hammer (CAFÉ) Credit System” by applying Gibbs sampling algorithm under the framework of bigdata approach to extract features in depicting bad or illegal behaviors by following the “five step principle” applying international...