foreign financial capital locked up in dollar assets, including U.S. government securities, other countries now have a strong …

Capital account openness and exchange rate flexibility in 11 Asian countries are examined. Asia has made slow progress … on de jure capital account openness, but has made much more progress on de facto capital account openness. While there is … rates. This combination { of moving forward with de facto capital account integration without bringing in exchange rate …

China currently maintains an exchange rate fixed against the US dollar and a (relatively) closed capital account, while … Chinese government to re-adjust the currency peg or allow more flexibility in the exchange rate and to free up the capital … easing capital controls, they must forsake monetary independence. This is the so-called macroeconomic policy "trilemma …

China’s investment rate is one of the highest in the world, a fact that leads one to suspect that the return to capital … in China must be quite low. Using data from China’s national accounts, this paper estimates the return to capital in … China. We find that the aggregate annual return to capital averaged 25 percent during 1978-93, fell during 1993-98, and has …

We investigate ownership effects on capital and adjustments speed to the target capital ratio in China from 2000 to … 2012 and find that state-owned banks hold higher levels of capital than banks of other ownership types. Foreign banks are … nationwide presence. Foreign banks adjust risk-weighted capital towards their optimal targets at a slower speed than domestic …