education in China appear to be zero. We estimate an instrumental variables fixed effects model where share of college graduates … is instrumented by the number of universities with special status and find positive external returns to education of … rural, men, and low-educated workers. This finding provides the motivation for increasing education investment in rural …

unprecedented "big bang" shift toward comprehensive political and economic decentralization: Bolivia in 1995 and Indonesia after the … local governments. Decentralization is considered an important element of participatory democracy and, along with …. The contributors to Decentralization and Local Governance in Developing Countries examine this institutional …

conditions -- Neodevelopmentalist type: Argentina and Brazil -- Extractivist-redistributive type: Ecuador, Bolivia, and Venezuela … orthodoxy type: Jamaica, Peru, South Africa, Colombia, and Indonesia -- China and global transformation. …