Since China joined the WTO in 2001, the pressure for bank reforms has mounted as China ought to fully open up its financial market to foreign competition by 2006. Efficiency is key for domestic banks to survive in a liberalised environment, but it appears that the last hope for raising bank...

The general financial stress confronting Chinese local governments requires public spending to become more efficient. While previous work has attempted to study what determines the efficiency, the focus was put on various factors that were not under direct control by policymakers. This paper...

Jahanshahloo et al. (Appl Math Comput 153:215–224, 2004) propose a method for ranking extremely efficient decision making units (DMUs) in data envelopment analysis (DEA) using super-efficiency technique and l1-norm and they show that the presented method is able to eliminate the existing...