The pace of biodiversity loss requires drastic shifts in conservation efforts that carry substantial costs. We investigate how the financial market prices such conservation costs exploiting the "Green Shield Action," a major regulatory initiative launched by the Chinese central government in...

This paper develops a game model to depict the process of determining the trading price and volume at equilibrium of Chinese carbon emission allowance trading market. Assuming that the cost for carbon emission reduction is a normally distributed random variable, enterprises are risk-neutral, and...