By comparing uncollateralized business loans made by a big tech lending program with conventional bank loans, we find that big tech loans tend to be smaller and have higher interest rates and that borrowers of big tech loans tend to repay far before maturity and borrow more frequently. These...

China's rapid urbanization and industrialization made it the world's largest refined copper producer and consumer. Insufficient copper ore reserves necessitated significant imports. Using material flow and scenario analysis, this study examined historical copper supply and assessed future...