This paper estimates the extent to which childhood circumstances contribute to health inequality in old age and … evaluates the importance of major domains of childhood circumstances to health inequalities in the USA and China. We link two … waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2013 and 2015 with the newly released 2014 Life …

largest existing pension program in the world. Since its launch in 2009, more than 400 million Chinese have enrolled in the … health, we exploit geographic variation in pension program implementation. Results indicate modest to large reductions in …

separated from their familiar rural networks to work in an unfamiliar, and often hostile environment. Many of them thus face … significant mental health challenges. This paper is the first to investigate the extent to which migrant social networks in host … in China (RUMiC), we find that network size matters significantly for migrant workers. Our preferred IV estimates suggest …