The framework for this paper is as follows: firstly, it focuses on the context in which social enterprises emerge in China. Secondly, considering that China has not yet devised a specific legal form for social enterprises but rather grants a social enterprise status through certification, this...

Following stakeholder resource-based theory (SRBT), we conceptualize the value relevance of corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) based on the bargaining power that stakeholders possess regarding firms' inputs and revenue generations. Accordingly, we classify the stakeholders into residual...

For two decades, fair trade has served as an alternative approach of trading that encourages minimal returns, sustainability, and ethics, by offering producers in developing countries better trading conditions and secured rights. This movement has emerged recently in China, with companies...